09. Demands to technique and instruments of presowing cultivation of chernozem soils

https://doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk201603-09
Medvediev V. V., Plisko I. V., Bigun O. M., Shejko S. M., Nakis'ko S. G., Krylach S. I., Borodin A. L.
Pages: 43-48.

Full article: 
Abstract
The purpose. On the basis of comparison of real and optimum parameters of structural composition and densities of build in separate underlayers of a root layer to formulate demands to improved techniques and instruments of presowing cultivation of soils. Methods. Field observations, modelling microfield trials, samples and data handling from the data-base “Properties of soils of Ukraine”. Results. Over- and under- seed layers are enriched with rough structural components (lumps), seed underlayer contains less than 70% agronomically useful structure that is not enough for formation of favorable water-air and nutritious regimens. Underseed underlayer and plough base flange on the appreciable areas have density of build above 1,3 g/sm3 — value which significantly restricts opportunities of the soil to deconsolidate under action of volumetric changes. Conclusions. Main direction of development of technique of presowing cultivation on chernozem soils of loamy granulometric composition is improvement of crumbling of overseed underlayer, accumulation of agronomacally useful structures in seed underlayer and the moderate deconsolidation of soils in underseed underlayer. For presowing cultivation basic new combined instruments capable to recreate optimum model of sowing stratum and do not overstock underseed underlayer and plough base flange are necessary.

Key words: structural composition, density of build, underlayers of root layer, agricultural demands.

References
  1. Database "Soil Properties of Ukraine". Structure and Usage/T.N. Laktionova, V.V. Medvedev, K.V. Savchenko and others - [2nd. ed.]. - Kh. Tst № 1, 2012. - 150 p.
  2. Burov D.I. On some questions of the theory of processing and its practical receptions on chernozem soils of the southeast of the RSFSR. Theoretical problems of soil cultivation/D.I. Burov - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1969. - P. 32 - 44.
  3. Vershinin P.V. The solid phase of the soil as the basis of its physical regime. Fundamentals of Agrophysics/P.V. Vershinin - Moscow: Fizmatgiz, 1959. - P. 209 - 404.
  4. Gedroits K.K. On the question of the soil structure and its agricultural significance/K.K. Gedroits//Izv. State in-that experimental agronomy. - 1926. - Vol. 4, No. 3. - P. 117 - 127.
  5. Zaika P.M. The theory of agricultural machines/P.M. Stutterer. - Kh. OKO, 2001. - T. 1, Ch. 1. - 444 p.
  6. Kachinsky N.A. Physics of soil/N.A. Kaczynski - M .: Vyssh. Shk., 1965. - 323 pp.
  7. Medvedev V.V. Soil-technological zoning of arable lands of Ukraine/V.V. Medvedev, T.N. Laktionov - Kh.: 13 printing-house, 2007. - 395 p.
  8. Methodology for assessing the quality of field work (agronomic breeding). - Yoshkar-Ola, 1968. - 86 p.
  9. Sahakyan D.N. Quality control of mechanized field work in field farming/D.N. Sahakyan - M .: Kolos, 1973. - 208 p.
  10. Agricultural mobile technology. Methods of determining the maximum normal stress in the soil under the influence of running systems: DSTU 4977: 2008. - [Effective from 05/05/2008]. - K .: Derzhspozhyvstandart of Ukraine, 2008. - 11 p. - (National Standard of Ukraine).
  11. Soil physical properties related to soil structure/R. Horn et al.//Soil and Tillage Research. - 1994. - V. 30, No. 2 - 4. - P. 187 - 216.