Petik I. P., Petik P. F., Fediakina Z. P.
Pages: 73-77.

Full article: 

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Abstract

The purpose. To gain the information on solubility of salts of fatty acids (soaps) triacylglycerols of some oils in the composition of neutralizing solution of the justified componental composition (water : ethanol : glycerin in ratio of 30:30:40) and also to determine extent of increase of such solubility in comparison with the control dissolvent used in contemporary technique of neutralization of oils and fats — water. Methods. Salts of fatty acids (soap) are gained by saponification of samples of refined sunflower, palm-kernel, coconut oils, and also of some fatty acids by sodium hydroxide, secretion of fatty acids from a mixture and their further saponification. To plan experiments and process data they used mathematical methods and software packages Microsoft Excel and Statistica. Results. Solubility of the gained sodium salts by stearin, palmitic, myristic, lauric, oleic, linoleic and linolenic fatty acids in 3-component neutralized solution is probed at various temperatures. Limiting solubility of sodium salts (soaps) of palm stearine, palm, coconut, palm-kernel oils, palm olein, sunflower and soya oils in neutralized solution from temperature is probed. Conclusions. Recommendations on solubility of sodium salts of fatty acids and their mixtures in neutralized solution are justified, namely: limiting solubility of salts of the indicated fatty acids and their mixtures containing in these oils in neutralized solution at the temperature of 60–65°C vary within the limits 25–47%; limiting solubility of soaps of fatty acids in the set temperature range in neutralized solution exceeds those in water in 2,5–4,7 times. They offered to use concentrated soap stocks after neutralization of oils and fats in neutralized solution of the justified contents after the further machining as liquid toilet soap. And density of soap stock in it (in count on fatty acids) should make about 20% (according to demands of normative documentation on liquid soap).

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Key words: salts of fatty acids, soap-alkali solution, surface tension, solubility, liquid soap.

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