Cheriachukin M. I., Grygor’ieva O. M.
Pages: 5-11.

---

Abstract

The purpose. To inform commodity producers of all patterns of ownership about efficiency of long term straight sowing at cultivation of the basic crops in conditions of risky farming agriculture. Methods. Field, laboratory, statistical. Results. It is fixed that in the humidified years and on the average for years of researches water-physical properties of soil and its security with nutrients varies as compares to plowing within the limits of HCP0,05. But in drought years at straight sowing the density of soil is always increased critical value (1,30 g/cm3) and may gain 1,43 g/cm3 with simultaneous increase of hardness of soil on 23,9% in comparison with plowing. High density and hardness in rainless conditions negatively influenced propagation of root system, receipt to it of water and nutrients, stipulating lower productivity of crops, especially tilling ones. In the humidified years the mentioned before is not observed. Weed infestation of crops in the first year of application of straight sowing remains at the level of plowing, and in the next years it sweepingly increases, and already on the 3-rd crop exceeds control index in 1,5–2 times. Change of species composition of weeds is simultaneously observed. If pink sowthistle (Cirsium arvense) and amaranth (Amaranthus) predominate at plowing, then yellow sowthistle and white goosefoot (Chenopodium album) — at straight sowing. On the average for years of researches productivity of crop rotation at straight sowing was lower as compared to plowing on 4,4%. However, general expenditures reduced on 52,6%, fuel — on 8,2 kg/hectare (42,7%), quotient of power efficiency increased on 76,4% and has made 6 against 3,4 at plowing. Conclusions. The basic deterrent of application of straight sowing on typical midhumus heavy clayloam chernozem with removal of plant residues at harvesting in comparison with plowing is substantial increase of density and hardness in rainless conditions.

---

Key words: crop rotation, soil cultivation, water-physical properties, fertility, weediness of sowing, productivity, economic and power efficiency.

---

References

1. Cogeriy, R. (1972). Zero-tillage after 10 years. The Furrav. Apr., 30–31.
2. Derpsch, R., Franzluebbers, A., Duiken, S.W., et al. (2014). Why do we need to standardize no-tillage nesearch? Soil & Tillage Research, 137, 16–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2013.10.002
3. Duseja, D.R., & Dennis, S. (2010). Long-term effects of two tillage systems on soybean (Glicine max (L.) Merrill (var. Forrest) production, soil properties and plant nutrient uptake. Materials of the World Congress of Soil Science, Soil solutions for a Changing World. 1–6, 75–77. Brisbane, Australia.
4. Yash, Dang. (2018). Can Cultivation Be Pant of A No-Till Farming System? Retrived from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326822393
5. Conservation agriculture: opportunities for intensified farming and environmental conservation in dry areas. (2012). Retrived from http://hdl.handle. net/20.500.11766/7922
6. Tanchyk, S. P. (2009). No-till i ne tilky. Suchasni systemy zemlerobstva [No-till and not only. Modern farming systems]. Kyiv: UnivestMedia. (In Ukrainian).
7. Kosolap, M. P., & Krotinov, O. P. (2011). Systemy zemlerobstva No-till [Farming systems No-till]. Kyiv: Logos. (In Ukrainian).
8. Hrabak, N. H. (2003). Polipshennia obrobitku gruntu v Stepu [Improvement of soil cultivation in the Steppe]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 3, 12-14. (In Ukrainian).
9. Pabat, I.A., Shevchenko, M.S., Horbatenko, A.I., & Horobets, A.H. (2004). Minimalizatsiia obrobitku gruntu pry vyroshchuvanni silskohospodarskykh kultur [Minimalization of soil cultivation by crops growing]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 1, 11-14. (In Ukrainian).
10. Tsykov, V.S., & Matiukha, L.P. (2003). Udoskonalennia system kontroliu zaburianenosti v Stepu [Improvement of weed systems in Steppe]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 7, 20-24. (In Ukrainian).
11. Tanchyk, S.P., & Mykolenko, Ya.O. (2017). Vplyv system osnovnoho obrobitku gruntu na vmist dostupnoi volohy ta produktyvnist kukurudzy v Pravoberezhnomu Lisostepu [Effect of ground tillage systems on the availability of moisture content and maize productivity in the Right-bank Forest Steppe]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 4, 12-16. https://doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk201704-02 (In Ukrainian).
12. Tsykov, V.S., Tkalich, Yu.I., & Bokun, O.I. (2014). Produktyvnist kukurudzy zalezhno vid obrobitku gruntu i system zakhystu vid burianiv u Pivnichnomu Stepu [Corn yields depending on soil cultivation and weed protection systems in the Northern Steppe]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 8, 18-21. https://doi.org/10.15421/2017_48 (In Ukrainian).
13. Medvediev, V.V., & Lyndina, T.Ie. (2001). Naukovi peredumovy minimalizatsii osnovnoho obrobitku gruntu i perspektyvy yoho vprovadzhennia v Ukraini [Scientific prerequisites for minimization of basic soil cultivation and prospects for its introduction in Ukraine]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science, 7, 5-8. (In Ukrainian).