02. Structural state of chernozem after long-term post-agrogenic transformation

https://doi.org/10.31073/agrovisnyk201912-02
Demydenko O. V.
Pages: 13-21.
Abstract
The purpose. To determine the main laws of transformation and regulatory parameters of the structural state change of chernozems of the forest-steppe zone in conditions of long-term post-agrogenic transformation according to the results of dry sieving of soil samples and statistical analysis of the data using the method of principal components, factor and non-parametric analysis. Methods. Laboratory analytical, experimental field, statistical. Results. The performed statistical processing of results of the analysis of dry sieving of the structure of chernozems in the long-term post-agrogenic state demonstrates the promise of using factor, cluster and non-parametric analysis methods. An important role in the restoration of the structure of chernozems is played by a combination of structural units 3.0–0.5 mm in size, with which the additional density in the humus horizon is inversely proportional, and with the humus content, it is directly proportional. The carried out clustering indicates that the content of the presented chernozems in the state of virgin soil and long-term deposits is the separated and not similar state of soil objects. But there is a general pattern of formation of a set of structural units of 3.0-0.5 mm similar to chernozems in the state of virgin soil, which content exceeds 40-50% of the content of parts in the agronomically valuable interval. Conclusions. After withdrawal from agricultural circulation, chernozems of agrocenoses enter into a complex process of self-healing, which goes in the direction of the virgin zone type. During post-agrogenic evolution, the accumulation of total humus occurs and the structural organization of the arable layer is gradually restored. In the first 20-25 years, there is a noticeable increase in the share of macroaggregates, including agronomically valuable ones, and the corresponding decrease in the number of microaggregates, which indicates an improvement in agronomic properties of shifted chernozems. In accordance with the number of agronomically valuable aggregates, all chernozems of the represented fallow series are characterized as excellent, and the dynamics of the growth of the structural coefficient increases with age towards virgin soil.

Key words: virgin soil, Forest-steppe zone, dry sieving, structural units, humus horizon, zonal type.

References
  1. Korolev, V. A. (2011). Osobennosti osnovnykh fizicheskikh svoystv tselinnykh chernozemov [Features of basic physical properties of virgin chernozems]. MSU Bulletin. Series Geography, 42. Geoecology, 1, 5-12. [In Russian].
  2. Jimenez, J. J., Lorenz, K., & Lal, R. (2011). Organic carbon and nitrogen in soil particle-size aggregates under dry tropical forests from Guanacaste, Costa Rica–Implications for within-site soil organic carbon stabilization. Catena, 86, 178-191. doi: 10.1016/j.catena.2011.03.011.
  3. Bazykina, G. S. (2014). Pochvy stepnoy i sukhostepnoy zon v anomalnykh pogodnykh usloviyakh poslednikh desyatiletiy [Soils of steppe and dry-steppe zones in abnormal weather conditions of the last ten years]. Soil Institute Bulletin, 73, 54-81. [In Russian].
  4. Korshans, M. (1992). Znachenie soderzhaniya gumusa dlya plodorodiya pochv i krugovorota azota [Significance of humus content for soil fertility and nitrogen cycle]. Soil Science, 10, 122-131. [In Russian].
  5. Kuznetsova, I. V., Azovtseva, N. A., & Bondarev, A. G. (2011). Normativy izmeneniya fizicheskikh svoystv pochv stepnoy, sukhostepnoy, polupustynnoy zon evropeyskoy territorii Rossii [Standards of change of physical properties of soils of steppe, dry-steppe, semi-desert zones of the European territory of Russia]. Soil Institute Bulletin, 67, 3-19. doi: 10.7868/s0032180x14010067. [In Russian].
  6. Kuznetsova, I. V., Utkaeva, V. F., & Bondarev, A. G. (2014). Normativy izmeneniya fizicheskikh svoystv pakhotnykh chernozemov stepnoy zony Yevropeyskoy Rossii v usloviyakh intensivnogo selskokhozyaystvennogo ispolzovaniya [Standards of change of physical properties of arable chernozems of the steppe zone of European Russia in the conditions of intensive agricultural use]. Soil Science, 1, 71-81. [In Russian].
  7. Medvedev, V. V. (2016). Ahrozem yak nove 4-vymirne polihenne utvorennia [Agrozem as a New 4-dimensional Polygenic Formation]. Soil Science, 17, Vol. 1-2, 5-20. doi: 10.15421/04160. [In Ukrainian].
  8. Medvedev, V. V. (2012). Fizychna dehradatsiia gruntiv, yii diahnostyka, areal poshyrennia i zasoby poperedzhennia [Soil physical degradation, its diagnostics, distribution area and means of prevention]. Soil Science, Vol. 13, 1-2, 5-22. [In Ukrainian].
  9. An, S. S., Huang, Y. M., Zheng, F. L., & Yang, J. G. (2008). Aggregate characteristics during natural revegetation on the loess plateau. Pedosphere, 18 (6), 809-816.
  10. Elliott, E. T. (1986). Aggregate structure and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 50, 627-633. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000030017x
  11. Garcia-Oliva, F., Oliva, M., & Sveshtarova, B. (2004). Effect of soil macroaggregates crushing on C mineralization in a tropical deciduous forest ecosystem. Plant and Soil, 259 (1-2), 297-305. doi: 10.1023/b:plso.0000020978.38282.dc.
  12. Medvedev, V. V., Plisko, V. V., & Bigun, O. V. (2014). Sravnitelnaya kharakteristika optimalnykh i realnykh parametrov chernozemov Ukrainy [Comparative Characterization of Optimal and Real Parameters of the Black Earths of Ukraine]. Soil Science, 10, 1247-1261. doi: 10.7868/s0032180x14100086. [In Russian].
  13. Six, J., Bossuyt, H., Degryze, S., & Denef, K. (2004). A history of research on the link between (micro) aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics. Soil Till. Really, 79, 7-31. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2004.03.008.
  14. Pirmoradian, N., Sepaskhah, A. R., & Hajabbasi, M. A. (2005). Application of fractal theory to quantify soil aggregate stability as influenced by tillage treatments. Biosyst. Eng., 90 (2), 227-234. doi: 10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2004.11.002.
  15. Nichols, K. A., & Toro, M. (2011). A whole soil stability index (WSSI) for evaluating soil aggregation. Soil Till. Really, 111, 99-104. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2010.08.014.
  16. Elliott, E. T. (1986). Aggregate structure and carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 50, 627-633. doi: 10.2136/sssaj1986.03615995005000030017x.
  17. Lopes de Gerenyu, V., Kurganova, I., & Kuzyakov, Ya. (2008). Soil organic carbon pools in former arable Shernozems. Ecolojia, 4, 38-44.
  18. Nurislamov, A. D., & Melnikov, L. V. (2009). Otsenka ustoychivosti makrostruktury vyshchelochennogo chernozema [Estimation of stability of macrostructure of leached chernozem]. Scientific notes of Kazan State University. (Vol. 151. Book 4. Natural sciences. pp. 135-141). [In Russian].
  19. Lyuri, D. I., Goryachkin, S. V., & Karavaeva, N. A. (2010) Dinamika selskokhozyaystvennykh zemel Rossii v XX veke i postagrogennoe vosstanovlenie rastitelnosti i pochv [Dynamics of agricultural lands of Russia in the XX century and post-genogenic restoration of vegetation and soil]. Moscow: GEOS. [In Russian].
  20. Karavaeva, N. A., & Denisenko, E. A. (2009). Postagrogennye migratsionno-mitselyarnye chernozemy raznovozrastnykh zalezhey Yuzhnoy lesostepi YeTR [Postagrogenic migration-micellar chernozems of different age deposits of the Southern forest-steppe ETR]. Soil Science, 10, 1165-1176. [In Russian].
  21. Medvedev, V. V. (1994). Mekhanizmy obrazovaniya makroagregatov chernozemov [Mechanisms of formation of black soil macroaggregates]. Soil Science, 11, 24-30. [In Russian].
  22. Kholodov, V. A. (2013). Sposobnost pochvennykh chastits samoproizvolno obrazovyvat makroagregaty posle tsikla uvlazhneniya issusheniya [The ability of soil particles to spontaneously form macroaggregates after the drying cycle of wetting]. Soil Science, 4, 1-9. doi: 10.7868/s0032180x13040072. [In Russian].
  23. Bulygin, S. Yu., & Lisetsky, F. N. (1996). Formirovanie agregatnogo sostava pochv i otsenka ego izmeneniya [Formation of soil aggregate composition and evaluation of its change]. Soil Science, 6, 783-788. [In Russian]. 24. Kurganova, I., Yermolaev, A., Lopes de Gerenyu, V., Larionova, A., Kuzyakov, Y., Keller, T., & Lange, S. (2007). Carbon balance in soils of abandoned lands in Moscow region. Eurasian Soil Science, 40 (1), 50-58. doi: 10.1134/s1064229307010085.
  24. Niewczas, J., & Witkowska-Walczak, B. (2005). Soil aggregates stability index (ASI) and its extreme values. Soil Till. Really, 80, 69-78. doi: 10.1016/j.still.2004.02.023
  25. Meshalkina, Yu. L., Samsonova, V. P. (2008). Matematicheskaya statistika v pochvovedenii [Mathematical statistics in soil science]. Moscow: Moscow Publishing House. Univ. [In Russian].
  26. Khitrov, N. B., & Chechueva, O. A. (1994). Sposob interpretatsii dannykh makro- i mikrostrukturnogo sostoyaniya pochv [The method of interpretation of data of macro- and microstructural state of soils]. Soil Science, 2, 84-92. [In Russian].
  27. Kholodov, V. A., Yaroslavtseva, N. V., Lazarev, V. I., & Fried, A. S. (2016). Interpretatsiya dannykh agregatnogo sostava tipichnykh chernozemov raznogo vida ispolzovaniya metodami klasternogo analiza i glavnykh komponent [Interpretation of data of aggregate composition of typical chernozem species using cluster analysis and principal components methods]. Soil Science, 9, 1093-1100. doi: 10.7868/s0032180x16090070. [In Russian].
  28. Degtyarev, V. V., Panasenko, O. S., & Nedbayev, V. N. (2013). Soderzhanie gumusa i strukturnoe sostoyanie chernozemov tipichnykh Lesostepi Ukrainy [Humus content and structural state of chernozems typical of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine]. Bulletin of the Kursk village Acad. Kursk, 3. 36-41. [In Russian].
  29. Lebedeva, I. I. Bazykina, G. S., Grebenshchikova, A. M., Cheverdin, Yu. I., & Bespalov, V. A. (2016). Opyt kompleksnoy otsenki vliyaniya dlitelnosti zemledelcheskogo ispolzovaniya na svoystva i rezhimy agrochernozemov Kamennoy stepi [The Experience of Complex Assessment of the Effect of the Duration of Agricultural Use on the Properties and Regimes of the Agro-Black Soils of the Stone Steppe]. Soil Institute Bulletin, 83, 77-102. doi: 10.19047/0136-1694-2016-83-77-102. [In Russian].
  30. Tikhonenko, D. G., & Degtyaryov, V. V. (Eds.) (2009). Praktykum z gruntoznavstva: navch. posibnyk [Workshop on Soil Science: study. manual]. 6th ed. Remaking and extensions. Kharkiv: Maidan. [In Ukrainian].