Influence of terms of sowing on the productivity of winter wheat

Abstract

Goal. To determine and scientifically substantiate the peculiarities of the growth and development of plants and formation of productivity of winter wheat depending on sowing time on soddy average-podzolic sandy loam soils in the conditions of Polissia. Methods. Field, laboratory, measurements, comparative, statistical and variance. Results. Features of formation of productivity of winter wheat depending on sowing time for 20 years are given. It is proved that through years of research the plants of the early sowing date (September 10) received daily on 11.7°C more heat than that of late sowing (October 10). At sowing on September 10 after the termination of vegetation the plants had the highest rates of growth and development as compared to subsequent sowing dates. On average per year of research, the mass of plants of winter wheat sowed in the period from September 20 to October 10 was in 2.3–13.9 times less at the time of the termination of the autumn growing season than the mass of plants sown on September 10. It is established that after the termination of the growing season the sugar content in the plants of winter wheat at sowing on September 10 was 14.9%, which is 2.1 times more than for sowing on October 10. The best conditions for the formation of the assimilation apparatus of a leaf of wheat plants in the spring-summer period were created in the II–III decades of September. Depending on the time of sowing the leaf area of plants of winter wheat at the heading stage was 37.7–43.8 thousand m2/ha. Over the years of study, they found that delay sowing by 10–30 days leads to a decrease in grain yield by 8.4–28.7% as compared to sowing on September 10. Conclusions. The maximum grain yield of winter wheat (3,56 t/ha) in the conditions of Polissia was received at sowing on September 10. At sowing on October 10 the grain yield of wheat decreased by 1.02 t/ha.