Mechanical and physical degradation of arable soils as a result of military operations in Ukraine

Abstract

Goal. Based on the study of the impact of military actions on the main agrophysical parameters of soils, to identify the peculiarities of the manifestation of their mechanical and physical degradation, and to propose effective anti-degradation measures that will make it possible to restore the fertility of damaged soils. Methods. Information-analytical, field, laboratory-analytical, and mathematical-statistical methods were used. Results. Analysis of literary sources confirmed the negative impact of military operations on soils and soil cover. The redistribution of the fractions of typical heavy loamy chernozem, which was affected by the explosions of projectiles of different calibers (120, 155, and 330 mm), was established, namely an increase in the content of silt fractions (particles smaller than 0.001 mm), and physical clay (the sum of particles smaller than 0.01 mm) compared to the control option (undamaged area). An increase in the density of the soil structure by 0.39 g/cm3 compared to the control variant was noted in the upper 10-centimeter layer of the soil in the places of paths formed as a result of the movement of military equipment. Measures to overcome the consequences of mechanical and physical degradation are proposed, the main of which are the use of various methods of soil cultivation and agrotechnical melioration, aimed at increasing the strength of the root layer and improving the agrophysical properties of arable land. Conclusions. The expediency of further in-depth studies of the impact of military actions on arable soils to find ways to restore their fertility in the conditions of martial law and in the post-war period to obtain stable harvests of crops is proven.