Dynamics of the productivity of meadow agrophytocenoses with the participation of lucerne during the formation of the first hay-cutting

Abstract

Goal. To determine the indicators of photosynthetic productivity of different types of meadow agrophytocenoses depending on the terms of mowing in the 1st hay cutting. Methods. Field, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. The research carried out in 2019–2021 determined productivity indicators based on yield from 1 ha of dry mass, daily increase of dry biomass, leaf surface area, and net productivity of photosynthesis during the formation of the 1st hay cutting on dark gray podzolized soils of the Northern part of the Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Conclusions. During the formation of the harvest of the 1st hay cutting, the growth of dry biomass of agrophytocenoses occurred before the flowering phase of the dominant components. The greatest daily increases in dry weight (66–96 kg/ha) and indicators of net photosynthesis productivity (1.69–2.94 g/m2 per day) were noted during branching — the budding of lucerne and lucerne-cereal agrophytocenoses against the background of P45K90, and tuberization — earing of dominant cereals on a cereal grass stand against the background of application of N30P45K90. In the grass stands in the presence of lucerne, these indicators decreased more slowly in the vegetation phases after reaching the maximum values, and the increase in the leaf surface area (about 10 days) took place longer in the lucerne and lucerne-cereal grass stands with the dominance of leguminous species than in the cereal agrophytocenosis.