Varieties of gymnospermous barley to ensure food security

Abstract

Goal. To create new varieties of gymnospermous barley for the food sector to provide the population with a sufficient number of useful and affordable food products. Method. Varieties and lines were created by the method of intraspecific hybridization, the source material was collection samples of the National Center of Plant Genetic Resources of Ukraine. Experiments were based on the methodology of qualification examination. The significance of the differences was determined in the STATISTICA 10 program. The content of protein and starch in the grain was determined on InfraLUM FT-10M 09495, and protein digestibility was determined according to O. Pokrovskyi and I. Yertanov’s method [1965]. Total antioxidant activity was assessed by the ability of alcohol extracts to neutralize the DPPH radical. The content of phenolic compounds was determined by a colorimetric method, oils — by a gravimetric method, and fatty acid composition — by a gas chromatograph. Results. The raw material was studied according to its quality characteristics. Sources of high-level valuable features were identified: -3 linolenic acid — Hatunok variety; oil — Yavir, CDC Alamo, and Violet line 181207 varieties; antioxidant activity — CDC Alamo, Richard, Mebere, CDC Candle, and Sycamore varieties; phenolic compounds — CDC Alamo, Mebere, Rondo, Richard, and Violet line 181207 varieties. The result of many years of research was the creation of gymnospermous barley varieties Yavir, Orlan, Obrii, and Rondo. Conclusions. The selection of gymnospermous varieties of barley is promising for Ukraine since their introduction into production will provide the population with nutritious and economically affordable food products. It is possible to create and introduce gymnospermous varieties with colored grain as a niche crop for the production of products for special purposes — dietary and baby food. Gymnospermous barley varieties Yavir and Orlan selected in the V.Ya. Yuryev Institute of Plant Breeding of NAAS are recommended for cultivation in Ukraine.