Sowing qualities of winter wheat and barley seeds when using extracts from organic fertilizers

Abstract

Goal. To study the peculiarities of the formation of sowing qualities of seeds of grain crops after pre-sowing treatment with extracts from organic fertilizers. Methods. Laboratory — to study the germination energy, germination, linear and quantitative measurements; statistical-mathematical — to carry out the dispersion analysis, statistical processing of research results, and correlational dependencies between parameters of seed quality. Results. In the conditions of the laboratory experiment, the peculiarities of the formation of sowing qualities of winter wheat and barley seeds were studied after pre-sowing treatment with extracts from organic fertilizers. The seeds of grain crops were treated with extracts from organic fertilizers in a ratio of 1:20 (20 parts of water for 1 part of organic fertilizer). Biohumus No. 1 (a product of barley grain processing with the use of the fly), biohumus No. 2 (a product of processing by fly Hermetia illucens of a mixture of barley grain with vegetable waste), 2-year-old humus from mushroom growing waste (MGW), and cattle manure (CM) were used as organic fertilizers. In the experimental variants, stimulation of growth processes was observed, which was manifested in a significant increase in the linear dimensions of 10-days-old seedlings, which exceeded the control variants by 3.5–13.5% (wheat) and 15.3–19.2% (barley), and roots — by 17.7–34.4% (wheat) and 13.3–30.1%(barley), and their dry weight. According to the last indicator, variants of winter wheat with cattle humus (+3.47 mg, or 40.3%) and MGW (+2.85 mg, or 33.1%) were noted at SSD0.95 (the smallest significant difference at the level of reliable probability 0.95) = 0.77 mg and barley — cattle humus (+2.17 mg, or 34.7%), and biohumus No. 2 (+2.08 mg, or 33.2%) at SSD0.95 = 1.37 mg. Conclusions. Treatment of seeds of cereal grain crops with high germination energy and germination rates (92–96%) with extracts No. 1, No. 2, and MGW revealed only a tendency to increase these indicators, and friendship and germination rate significantly exceeded the indicators of the control variants. A slight decrease in the sowing properties of the seeds of the investigated winter crops was observed after the treatment of the seeds with a CM extractor.