Changes in the structure of micromycete communities in podzolized chernozem after treatment with chemical and biological fungicides

Abstract

Goal. To analyze the dynamics of changes in indicators characterizing the species structure and biodiversity of soil micromycetes, after treating the surface of the soil mass of podzolized chernozem with various chemical and biological fungicides. Methods. Laboratory model experiment — for study the degree and duration of the effect of various fungicides on the structure of the mycobiota; microscopy methods — for species identification of micromycetes; mathematical and statistical — for determine the reliability of the obtained data, establish the significance of differences in the structure of groups. Results. It was found that a one-time treatment of the soil surface with doses of chemical and biological fungicides recommended for spraying plants during the growing season had a significant effect on the micromycete community structure of podzolized chernozem. The significance of these changes was proven using multivariate analysis of variance for nonparametric data PERMANOVA. Under the action of chemical fungicides, the number of species Penicillium albidum and P. charlesii was significantly reduced. Conclusions. Treatment with fungicides led to destabilization of the micromycete community structure of podzolized chernozem. On the 5th day, all studied fungicides changed the ratio of the number of individual species, differences were also observed on the 110th day. In the control soil, the number of micromycetes of different species leveled off over time, but in the soil treated with fungicides, the number of fungi of some species sharply decreased, while others, on the contrary, increased, the Berger-Parker dominance index on the 110th day after treatment was twice as high as in the control, which indicates the inhibitory effect of fungicides on most species. When treated with biological fungicides, changes in the structure of mycocenoses were weaker. Species most sensitive to the action of chemical fungicides have been identified, which are promising as bioindicators of fungicidal contamination.