The influence of nitrogen nutrition and micro-fertilizers on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain

Abstract

Goal. To increase the yield and quality of winter wheat grain, and determine the optimal dose of nitrogen fertilizers and the effectiveness of foliar fertilizing with manganese and silicon. Methods. Field - to determine the effect of doses of nitrogen fertilizers, and foliar fertilizing with manganese and silicon on the yield and quality of winter wheat grain. Results. Research data on the influence of nitrogen nutrition and foliar fertilizing with micro-fertilizers on indicators of productivity and grain quality of winter wheat are given. It was determined that nitrogen nutrition is the leading factor in increasing grain yield and protein accumulation in it. The optimal dose of nitrogen and the effectiveness of foliar feeding of winter wheat with manganese and silicon were established. Conclusions. The most effective dose of nitrogen for winter wheat in the spring was 110 kg/ha, in particular with the application of ammonium sulfate N60 to the frozen soil and 2 foliar feedings with urea (N30 + N20) in the phases of formation of the tube and earing on the background of P60K60 under plowing. Grain yield was 6.47 t/ha, which was 1.79 t/ha higher than the control without fertilizers. With the application of a total nitrogen dose of 110 kg/ha in the spring, the protein content in winter wheat grain increased by 1.0% compared to the control without fertilizers, for an absolute value of 12.3%. The addition of manganese and silicon in foliar fertilization in the phases of formation of the tube and earing contributed to an increase in grain yield compared to the background of mineral fertilizers by 0.20 and 0.31 t/ha, protein content by 0.1 and 0.2%. The maximum yield and grain quality of winter wheat was achieved by applying P60K60 under plowing and carrying out 3 fertilizations with nitrogen in the spring with a total dose of 110 kg/ha with additional use of manganese and silicon in the phases of the formation of the tube and earing. Grain yield was 6.67 t/ha, and protein content was 12.5%, which was higher than the control without fertilizers by 1.99 t/ha and 1.2%, respectively.