Global warming as a factor of growth of invasiveness of segetal plant species in the Western Forest-Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To identify the relationship between climatic changes, in particular between temperature and hydrothermal indicators, and the spread of invasive plant species in the Western Forest-steppe of Ukraine. To analyze climatic trends that can contribute to the adaptation, reproduction, and expansion of alien species into new environments. Methods. Methods of long-term monitoring of temperature indicators and precipitation, calculation of hydrothermal coefficient, statistical analysis of climate data dynamics, as well as taxation of invasive species for visualization and analysis of spatial changes were used. The source of climatic data was open archives of meteorological stations, and information about flora — the results of field studies and phytogeographic reviews. Results. It was established that during the analyzed period (2005–2024), the average annual air temperature increased by 0.9–1.2°C, and the duration of the growing season increased. At the same time, the frequency of the onset of summer drought periods increased, which created favorable conditions for the distribution of xerophilic invasive species, in particular Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden., Impatiens glandulifera Royle, Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., Solidago canadensis L. Conclusions. There is a strong connection between climate change and the spread of invasive plant species in the Western Forest-Steppe. Increased temperatures, reduced rainfall in the summer, and lengthening the growing season contributed to the consolidation of alien species in new ecotopes. The results of the study, both from a scientific and practical point of view, can serve as an important informative base necessary for predicting the risks of biological invasions and developing regional strategies for ecological adaptation of ecosystems to climate change, as well as for expanding and deepening further scientific research.