Effect of bioorganic fertilizer based on bird droppings on elements of the production process of winter wheat

Abstract

Goal. To study the impact of bioorganic fertilizer obtained through composting chicken manure for the introduction of selected microorganisms to the substrate on the production process of winter wheat. Methods. Field (determination of physiological and biometric parameters of winter wheat plants), laboratory (establishment of quality indicators of grain), and statistical (determination of the reliability of the results obtained). Results. Field experiments with winter wheat of the Kubus variety were carried out in 2024–2025 at the stationary experimental field of the Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agro-Industrial Production of the NAAS (Chernihiv) on leached chornozem. The study of the production process of winter wheat in the field proved the improvement of wintering plants using bioorganic fertilizer, which had a positive effect on the assimilation apparatus of the culture and the efficiency of using light energy, increasing the area of the leaf surface and the content of chlorophyll (b). The use of bioorganic fertilizer contributed to improving the indicators of the formation of key elements of the crop structure — the number and weight of grains in an ear, the mass of 1000 grains — and obtaining the highest quality of products in the experiment by nature, vitreousness, and content of grain affected by Fusarium. There was also a significant increase in the mass of the root systems of plants. For the use of bio-organic fertilizer in a dose of 10 t/ha, the crop growth was 39.5%, while traditional compost and mineral fertilizers secured 27.0 and 22.4%, respectively. This result was obtained due to the presence in the experimental fertilizer of not only nutrients, but also physiologically active substances of microbial origin, which were formed and accumulated in the process of biotransformation of the organic substrate. Conclusions. The use of bioorganic fertilizer obtained in the process of composting chicken manure with the involvement of Trichoderma harzianum PD3 and Bacillus megaterium 362 in the technology of growing winter wheat had a positive effect on the production process of culture, providing an increase in yield and grain quality indicators.