Influence of crops of short-term crop rotation and organic fertilization on the dynamics of productive moisture in conditions of unstable moistening of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe

Abstract

Goal. To determine the influence of short-term crop rotation and various organic fertilizer systems on the content and dynamics of productive moisture in the soil under conditions of unstable moistening of the Left-Bank Forest-Steppe. Methods. Field — to determine the interaction of research objects; laboratory — to determine the content of productive moisture in the soil during the growing season of crops of three-field crop rotation; mathematical and statistical — for statistical processing of the obtained research results. Results. According to the results of studies conducted in 2023–2025 in the zone of unstable moistening of the Left-bank Forest-Steppe on the territory of the Panfily experimental station, features of formation of reserves of productive soil moisture in short-term crop rotation depending on different types of organic fertilization were identified, in particular, the influence of by-products of the predecessor, sideral culture, biofertilization and their combination on the dynamics of productive moisture in soil layers of 0–20, 0–50 and 0–100 cm under soybean, spring wheat and buckwheat. It was found that the complex use of by-products of precursors, siderates, and biofertilizers contributed to a more rational use of moisture during the vegetation of field crops. It was determined that at the time of sowing, the largest moisture reserves in the soil layer of 0–20 cm were under spring wheat (up to 41.9 mm), while the lowest were under buckwheat (29.7–30.8 mm). In deeper horizons (0–100 cm), higher values were in the control variants. Conclusions. The use of complex fertilization reduced the total consumption of productive moisture by 5–7% compared to the control, while the control options were characterized by higher initial reserves of moisture in the soil. At the same time, the water regime during the growing season remained sufficient for the formation of shoots and the development of crops.