Productivity of grades and hybrids of corn at different fertilizer systems and their permanent growing

Abstract

The purpose. To carry out the impact analysis of anthropogenic (one-crop system, system of fertilizing, grade, hybrid) and natural (temperature and water regimes) factors on productivity of corn and dynamics of elements of soil fertility in conditions of Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, statistical, laboratory. Results. Results are given of long-term researches in growing corn for grain in permanent sowing (one-crop system) and as thus under impact of fertilizing its productivity and soil fertility varied. As a result of agrochemical analysis of soil samples it is fixed that on fertilized plots the content of gross and mobile forms of nutrients was higher, than on not fertilized (control). At the same time irrespective of system of fertilizing the yielded indexes were dynamical on soil profile. In structure of biological groups of weeds late spring made 59–64%, early spring — 21–27, perennial — 13,9%. Conclusions. As a result of researches in typical chernozem in conditions of Left-bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine it has been fixed that anthropogenic and natural factors differently influence the level of productivity of corn for grain and soil fertility at its growing in one-crop system. Thus, productivity of the crop more depends on weather and less — on duration of growing in one place. At mathematical analysis of the gained results of researches in productivity of corn and dependence of its magnitude on fertilizer system, temperature and water regimes it has been fixed that their correlation envelopes a wide spectrum - from straight up to inverse. The carried out account of weeds has shown that on the average for 4 years of researches for 1 m2 of one-crop sowing their amount made 84,9 pieces/m2, whereas in crop rotation — 59,1 pieces/m2, that on 30% is less.