Influence of fertilization and care systems on productivity and quality of winter wheat grain

Abstract

Goal. To determine the influence of the system of mineral nutrition and care of winter wheat crops on the formation of grain yield in the Western Forest-Steppe. Methods. Visual — to determine the phenological phases of growth and development of culture; estimation — to determine the parameters of crop structure and yield; chemical — to determine the content of nutrients in the soil; mathematical and statistical — to assess the reliability of research results; calculation-comparative — to analyze economic efficiency. Results. The data are given of results of researches in cultivation of winter wheat on an intensive technology and how at the same time under the influence of systems of fertilizer and care of crops its productivity changed. Analysis of yield data showed that fertilizer systems, which used different types of fertilizers, provided a significant increase in yield on average over 3 years by 32.5–39.5% compared to the control, where fertilizers were used only as the main fertilizering. Double application of growth stimulant Vimpel 2 in combination with pesticides and microfertilizer Oracle multicomplex in the tillering phase and on the flag leaf helped to increase crop productivity by 9.6–10.9%. Conclusions. According to the results of research it is established that the cultivation of winter wheat using fertilizer system N160R90K120 with foliar fertilization with Oracul colofermin phosphorus (2.5 l/ha) in combination with 2-fold spraying of crops with growth stimulant Pennant 2 (0.6 kg/ha) and microfertilizer multicomplex (2 l/ha) provided the highest yield — 7.13 t/ha (increase was 14.9%).